Biofuels and Bioeconomy

Bioethanol

Bioethanol is the most well-known biofuel, calculating for about 90% of total biofuel usage worldwide. It is produced based on enzymatic fermentation of starchy biomass like sugars or 6-carbon sugars using mostly from carbohydrates including sugar beets, sugar cane, cereal crops, corn, sweet sorghum, cellulosic biomass, potatoes, cassava, and sorghum. Advanced R&D sectors are focusing on new conventional technologies of producing bioethanol from e ligno-cellulosic materials so that the production cost can be minimized. The biofuels market is gradually capturing the automotive industry, where by 2010, 79% of all cars manufactured in Brazil were hybrid cars with a fuel system of bioethanol and gasoline. 22% of all greenhouse gas emission can be avoided by using bioethanol.